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Literature is a form of art that uses words as its medium of expression. The word literature is derived from the Latin letter ‘littera’ and literally means ‘acquaintance with letters.’ Literature is amongst what are known as classical arts. The earliest know work of literature is considered to be the ‘Epic of Gilgamesh’ which is an epic poem written in 2700 BC. 
Literature is commonly divided based on whether it is fictional or not, but there are many other classifications possible within the vast field of literature. Literature has traditionally been classified as prose, poetry or drama.
Prose: Prose is a form of literature that is not restricted by any formal technique. The skill of the artist depends upon using elegant words or in using words elegantly. The purpose of prose is to communicate an idea, a concept or a story by skilful narration. Usually prose is divided into the categories of fiction and non-fiction.
Poetry: Poetry is that form of literature, which is connected to rhythm. A poem is a composition that is lyrical in nature and provides immense aesthetic pleasure. Poetry encompasses a number of poetic techniques like imagery, metaphor, symbolism, etc. there are a large number of poetic devices like metaphors, alliteration, onomatopoeia, etc. that work towards creating a sense of beauty.
Drama: Drama is one of the oldest forms of literature. It involves creating and enacting scenes and dialogues amongst characters of the drama and is usually written for performance before an audience.